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There are various objects in the universe, one of which is a star. Stars are mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. Stars produce light and heat from nuclear energy from their cores.
emission BBC ScienceStars form from very large clouds of dust and gas in outer space. Gravity pulls dust and gas together to form protostars. As the gas builds up, the protostar heats up. Stars form when the heat is enough to trigger a nuclear reaction.
Like life, stars die. Once there is no fuel, the star collapses and the outer layers explode. This is called a supernova.
Definition and process of supernova
A supernova is the explosion of a star in outer space. According to NASA, a supernova is the largest explosion in outer space. Every supernova explosion emits a very fast and powerful light. This spectacular event was so bright that it eclipsed the entire Milky Way for days or even months.
The light from a supernova explosion is equivalent to the light of 10 billion suns. The total energy emitted by a supernova is 10.can reach44 Joules or the total energy of the sun over its 10 billion year lifetime.
The process of supernova formation begins when the center or center of a star changes. There are two types of supernova depending on the process that takes place, namely:
1. Supernova Type I
Type I supernovae occur in binary star systems. Binary stars are two stars orbiting at the same point.a star white dwarf (white dwarf), steals matter from its companion star. Eventually, the white dwarf accumulates so much material that the star explodes, creating a supernova.
2. Supernova II
Also known as a Type II supernova or core collapse (collapsed core) occurs at the end of the life of a star with at least eight times the mass of the Sun. Stars burn fuel in their cores to generate heat.
This heat creates pressure, pushing it outward against the star’s gravitational pull. When a star runs out of nuclear fuel, some of its mass is swept toward its core. Eventually, the nucleus becomes so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational pull.
The core of the star collapses, causing the supernova to explode. After a supernova, the core of the star becomes denser and hot gas remains, called a nebula. In very large stars, their collapsed core becomes a black hole. Otherwise, the stellar core becomes a denser neutron star.
Can the sun go supernova?
obtained from space netThe sun does not pass through a supernova. The sun is not large and massive enough to cause a supernova explosion when the sun dies. Not even enough to form a black hole. To form a supernova, the sun must be 10 times more massive. At the same time, to form a black hole, its mass must be 20 times the mass of the sun.
The sun is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. At the core of the Sun, hydrogen is converted into helium in a process called nuclear fusion. Each helium atom requires four hydrogen atoms to fuse. During this process, some of the mass is converted into energy.
When the center of the sun no longer has hydrogen for nuclear fusion, a shell forms around the helium-filled core. Gravity will dominate, so the core is compressed and the sun expands.
The sun will continue to expand until it engulfs the surrounding planets, including Earth. During this phase, the sun becomes a big red star (red giant) The hydrogen in the outer core will then be depleted, leaving only helium.
Once all the hydrogen is burned off and all the helium is gone, gravity takes over.Eventually, the sun will shrink white dwarf (white dwarf). All foreign matter disappears, leaving behind a gas called a nebula.
Astronomers estimate that the Sun has about 7 to 8 billion years left before it runs out of fuel, shrinks and dies.
SN2016aps, the strongest supernova explosion in history
A team of scientists has detected the most powerful supernova explosion in history, dubbed SN2016aps, the Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics reported on April 13, 2020. It is the brightest, most energetic and most massive supernova ever discovered.
SN2016aps is thought to have formed from the merger of two massive stars before the explosion. SN2016aps exploded with 10 times the energy of a normal supernova. Located 4.5 billion light-years from Earth, SN2016aps produces 10 times the energy that the sun emits during its lifetime.
SN2016ap was first determined in 2016 using data from the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). Over the next four years, the supernova was further studied to track its evolution and significant energy release.
Archival images taken during the study showed an upward trend in the light curve since December 2015, allowing the research team to better understand the nature and explosion of the supernova.
The researchers concluded from the explosive force of SN2016aps that the star is at least 100 times more massive than the Sun. An explosion occurs when a star releases a shell of material that is about half the mass before the explosion.
When the explosion enters the shell at a speed of about 4,600 kilometers per second, it produces a huge burst of radiation. The researchers determined that in the final years before the explosion, the star released a huge shell of gas. Explosive debris collided with this massive shell causing a massive supernova explosion.
In addition, the researchers found hydrogen content, so they speculated that two less massive stars were connected. The new star created by the merger has enough hydrogen and mass to cause instability. As a result, a supernova occurred.
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