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A UN investigation found that since 2016, all parties to the conflict in Libya have committed violations that may include war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Libya’s independent fact-finding mission commissioned by the United Nations Human Rights Council said in a report published on Monday that immigrants and detainees are particularly vulnerable to violations.
The investigative team’s report also found that many people have been killed or disabled by landmines; Libyans who went to Europe faced abuse in detention centers and traffickers; detainees struggling in prison were tortured; and outstanding women Were killed or disappeared.
The delegation said in a statement: “There are reasonable grounds to believe that Libya has committed war crimes and that violence committed against immigrants in prisons and there may constitute crimes against humanity.”
With the attacks on hospitals and schools, the turmoil in this North African country has had a huge impact on the economic, social and cultural rights of Libyans.
“All parties to the conflict, including third countries, foreign fighters and mercenaries, have violated international humanitarian law, especially the principle of proportionality and distinction, and some have committed war crimes,” Mohamed O’Ajar, who presided over the Trilateral Conference (Mohamed Auajjar) said. Human mission.
The delegation stated that it has identified individuals and groups that may be responsible for infringements, abuses and crimes-including Libyans and foreigners.
The list will remain confidential until shared with appropriate accountability mechanisms.
Experts said that although the Libyan judicial authorities are investigating most of the cases recorded in the report, the process “faces major challenges.”
Libya has been in turmoil for ten years. In the past few years, the forces supporting the hostile governments of the East and the West have fought with the support of regional powers, foreign fighters and mercenaries. Russia, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates support Eastern forces, while Turkey supports Western governments.
In June 2020, the Human Rights Council, the highest authority of the United Nations, passed a resolution calling for the dispatch of a fact-finding mission to Libya. This move was supported by Tripoli.
These experts were appointed in August last year and are responsible for investigating allegations of violations and violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that have occurred in Libya since 2016.
Auajjar joined other human rights experts Chaloka Beyani and Tracy Robinson.
They collected and reviewed hundreds of documents, interviewed more than 150 people, and conducted investigations in Libya, Tunisia, and Italy.
Their reports documented the recruitment and direct participation of children in hostilities, as well as the enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions of prominent women.
“Superficial” discovery
Claudia Gazzini, a senior Libyan analyst with the International Crisis Group, told Al Jazeera that although the report is important, its conclusions are “quite superficial.”
“This report is only the beginning of a process. The committee should have submitted its final report now, but it was actually very late.
“Without the level of detail, they will not name individuals, nor will they point to a specific country. There is no need for the level of detail to follow up,” she explained.
Gazzini added that the report is unlikely to cause real changes to the local security situation in Libya.
The rights situation is “serious”
Since the long-term leader Gaddafi was overthrown and killed in a NATO-backed uprising in 2011, oil-rich Libya has been ravaged by conflict, and rival governments are vying for power.
The report said: “The results of the investigation reveal a terrible human rights situation.”
Experts said that civilians paid a heavy price for the hostilities, mainly because schools and hospitals were attacked, and anti-personnel mines left by mercenaries in residential areas caused civilian casualties.
At the same time, Bejani said, those who fled the conflict and its aftermath by seeking a passage across the Mediterranean to Europe were subjected to a series of abuses in detention centers and traffickers.
Zambian experts said that the violations were carried out on a large scale by state and non-state actors “with the encouragement of high-level organizations and the state-all of which imply crimes against humanity.”
The report stated that at the same time, some detainees were tortured daily in prisons.
“The state and the militia extensively use arbitrary detention and unbearable conditions of detention in secret prisons against anyone who is considered a threat to their interests or opinions,” Robinson said.
“The scale of the violence in Libyan prisons is so large and organized, it may also constitute a crime against humanity.”
The report will be submitted to the Human Rights Council in Geneva on Thursday.
The experts hope that the council will extend its term for another year.
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