Washington [US], October 31 (ANI): Quad bikes, often known as ATVs, pose a significant risk of serious injury to children, according to researchers.
The findings of the research were published in the open-access journal BMJ Open.
Public education campaigns on the potential dangers associated with their use are urgently needed, said the researchers.
First developed in the 1960s as a farm vehicle, ATVs are widely used in the USA. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimated that 10.7 million four-wheeled ATVs were in use by 2012.
ATVs now have engines with over 600 cc/50-hp, weigh over 600 lb, and reach speeds in excess of 100 mph. And the CPSC estimates that close to 100,000 injuries associated with ATV use were treated in US emergency departments in 2013.
Although only 15 per cent of ATV riders are children, it is thought they account for more than 1 in 4 ATV-related injuries and deaths.
The researchers wanted to find out if ATV injuries are more severe than those associated with motorbikes and cars in a region of the US where ATVs are frequently used for both work and recreation–the Rio Grande Valley in the southernmost region of Texas.
They analysed the severity of all injuries sustained from any one of these three types of vehicle and treated at a regional trauma centre between 2015 and August 2020. At the time of data collection, the hospital serviced 8 counties and approximately 1.7 million residents.
Injury severity was measured by Injury Severity Scores (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, and length of hospital stay.
Information was also collected on pre-existing conditions, along with age, sex, ethnicity, drug use, and whether protective equipment, such as seat belts and helmets, was worn at the time of injury. Patients aged 14 and under were categorised as children.
Between 2015 and August 2020, 3626 car injuries, 200 motorbike injuries, and 116 ATV injuries were treated at the trauma centre, adding up to 3942 in total.
Children comprised just over 12 per cent of the entire sample, but made up 38% of the ATV injuries, compared with nearly 12 per cent of car injuries and 7 per cent of motorbike injuries. Men and boys made up just over half of all those injured; most of the patients were Hispanic.
Significantly more men/boys and children sustained ATV injuries than car or motorbike injuries. The percentage of children admitted to the trauma centre for ATV injuries was three times higher than for car injuries and five times higher than for motorbike injuries.
Only 29 patients (0.74%) died as a result of their injuries, but those injured by ATVs were also more likely to have open fractures, also known as a compound fracture–an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.
“Most open fractures and soft tissue injuries require multiple interventions to lower the risk of infection and may require several surgical specialties such as plastic surgeons and vascular surgeons to treat the patient,” point out the researchers.
What’s more, there was no statistical difference in injury severity between the different sources of injury even though ATVs have smaller engines and travel at slower speeds.
“There is clear evidence that ATV-related injuries continue to be a significant cause of injuries among paediatric patients,” they note.54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery 54ret4356ery BLACK PANTHER: WAKANDA FOREVER 2022 Online BLACK ADAM 2022 Online TICKET TO PARADISE 2022 Online PREY FOR THE DEVIL 2022 Online SMILE 2022 Online HALLOWEEN ENDS 2022 Online LYLE, LYLE, CROCODILE 2022 Online TILL 2022 Online TERRIFIER 2 2022 Online THE WOMAN KING 2022 Online THE MONKEY KING: THE LEGEND BEGINS 2022 Online A MAGICAL CHRISTMAS VILLAGE 2022 Online SPIRITED 2022 Online THE FRIENDSHIP GAME 2022 Online POKER FACE 2022 Online THE MENU 2022 Online THE INSPECTION 2022 Online BONES AND ALL 2022 Online THE FABELMANS 2022 Online STRANGE WORLD 2022 Online DEVOTION 2022 Online BLACK ADAM Online Black Adam Online Black Adam Online Black Adam Online Black Adam Online WATCH BLACK ADAM Online #ERROR! Black Adam 2022 Online Watch Black Adam Free Online Black Adam at Home Black Adam 2022 Black Adam 2022 Black Adam 2022 Black Adam 2022 Black Adam 2022 BLACK ADAM FuLLMovie Black Adam 2022 FuLLMovie black adam 2022 full movie BLACK ADAM FuLLMovie Online Black Adam 2022 FuLLMovie La Proie du Diable Streaming Watch Reza por el diablo Online Black Adam Online Prey for the Devil Online Halloween Ends Online Ticket to Paradise Online Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile Online The Woman King Online Don’t Worry Darling Online Terrifier 2 Online Top Gun: Maverick Online DC League of Super-Pets Online Amsterdam Online Bullet Train Online Black Adam Online Ticket to Paradise Online Smile Online Halloween Ends Online Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile Online The Woman King Online Terrifier 2 Online Don’t Worry Darling Online Amsterdam Online Triangle of Sadness Online Terrifier 2 Online Terrifier 2 Online Terrifier 2 Online Smile Online Smile Online Smile Online Smile Online Smile Online
“Unlike [cars], ATVs are open-air vehicles that lack a shell of protection to its operator/passenger. This increases the likelihood of sustaining more severe injuries and soft tissue damage even with low-speed injuries,” they explain.
Patients who were under the influence at the time of their injury were nearly 4 times as likely to have more severe ISS scores than their respective counterparts.
Children who weren’t under the influence at the time of injury and who used protective equipment had a shorter length of hospital stay than their respective counterparts, after accounting for sex and ethnicity. But only 4% of patients with ATV injuries were wearing a helmet at the time of the incident compared with half of those with motorbike injuries.
In 1988, the CPSC banned the sale of three-wheeled ATVs for 10 years due to the dramatic injury rate. But since the ban’s expiry, the production of more powerful ATVs has soared, with a corresponding rise in ATV-related injuries, especially among children and young adults, note the researchers.
They conclude: “Without enforceable safety standards, the sale and use of four-wheel ATVs or quads remain loosely regulated.
“Public awareness campaigns to educate on ATV-related injuries, particularly in the paediatric population are needed. A concerted effort to highlight the vulnerability of young riders and the importance of protective equipment is a vital step in curtailing ATV-related injuries.” (ANI)
dfph ioj op ghoiurfhdsrguisfdhg ufds